Far-right politics
Far right, extreme right, hard right, radical right, and ultra-right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or quantitative position a group or person occupies within right-wing politics. The terms are often used to imply that someone is an extremist. The terms have been used by different scholars in somewhat conflicting ways.[1]
Far right politics usually involve supremacism — a belief that superiority and inferiority is an innate reality between individuals and groups — and a complete rejection of the concept of social equality as a norm.[2] Far right politics often support segregation; the separation of groups deemed to be superior from groups deemed to be inferior.[3] Far right politics also commonly include authoritarianism, nativism, racism and xenophobia.[4]
The ideologies usually associated with the far right include fascism, Nazism and other ultra-nationalist, religiously extreme or reactionary ideologies.[5][6][7][8][9]
The term radical right refers to sections of the far right that promote views which are very conservative in traditional left-right terms, but which aim to break with prevailing institutions and practices.[10] The radical right does not have a clear straightforward structure, but rather consists of overlapping subcultures with diverse styles of rhetoric, dress and symbolism whose cohesion comes from the use of alternative system of communications.[11]
See also
Notes
- ↑ Betz & Immerfall 1998; Betz 1994; Durham 2000; Durham 2002; Hainsworth 2000; Mudde 2000; Berlet & Lyons, 2000.
- ↑ Merkl, Peter H. and Leonard Weinberg, Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century (London, England, UK; Portland, Oregon, USA: Frank Cass Publishers), p. 127
- ↑ Merkl, Peter H. and Leonard Weinberg, Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century (London, England and Portland, Oregon, USA: Frank Cass Publishers), p. 127.
- ↑ Hilliard, Robert L. and Robert L and Michael C. Keith, Waves of Rancor: Tuning in the Radical Right (New York: M. E. Sharpe Inc., 1999
- ↑ http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&id=YYdTvMmSYpEC&dq=%22far+right%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=5Kjou7UerL&sig=K9uamjo6ogLg5lBlPkF7YbrjcJ4&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result
- ↑ http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&id=Ual1NR2WPasC&dq=%22far+right%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=K5bdSeB96U&sig=RC-_zQR3OGeCIj0c4vJv6EEHgAk&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result#PPR7,M1
- ↑ http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&id=sVZ8EUvJjJ4C&dq=%22far+right%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=SMPfNA8ixk&sig=c_rZ76IsxCm_Kb959LzCekTHYek&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPR5,M1
- ↑ http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&id=JcJ5nr2MZfUC&dq=%22far+right%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=Y5MrmJz
- ↑ Roger Griffin (11 Aug 2005). Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion (Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions). Routledge 1 edition. ISBN 978-0415375504.
- ↑ Plotkem, David and Daniel Bell,The Radical Right, 3rd ed. (Transaction Publishers, 2001) p. xiii
- ↑ Militias, Christian Identity and the Radical Right by Michael Barkun, accessed 11 April 2010
Further reading
- Betz, Hans-Georg and Stefan Immerfall, eds. 1998. The New Politics of the Right: Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies. New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Betz, Hans-Georg (1994). Radical Right-wing Populism in Western Europe. New York: St. Martins Press.
- Durham, Martin (2000). The Christian Right, the Far Right and the Boundaries of American Conservatism. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
- Durham, Martin (2002). "From Imperium to Internet: the National Alliance and the American Extreme Right" Patterns of Prejudice 36(3), (July): 50-61.
- Hainsworth, Paul (2000). The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. London: Pinter.
- Schoenbaum, David. Hitler's Social Revolution: Class and Status in Nazi Germany,. ISBN
- Radical conservatism : the right's political religion / Robert Brent Toplin., 2006
- Radical conservatism and the future of politics / Göran Dahl., 1999
- Fascists and conservatives : the radical right and the establishment in twentieth-century Europe / Martin Blinkhorn., 1990
- The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right / Peter Davies., 2002
- The terrorist next door : the militia movement and the radical right / Daniel Levitas., 2002
- Right-wing populism in America : too close for comfort / Chip Berlet & Matthew N. Lyons, 2000
- The extreme right : freedom and security at risk / Aurel Braun., 1997
- The impact of radical right-wing parties in West European democracies / Michelle Hale Williams., 2006
- Right-wing extremism in the twenty-first century / Peter Merkl., 2003
- Extreme right parties in Western Europe / Piero Ignazi., 2003
- The United States and right-wing dictatorships, 1965-1989 / David Schmitz., 2006
- The emergence of a Euro-American radical right / Jeffrey Kaplan., 1998
- The politics of the extreme right : from the margins to the mainstream / Paul Hainsworth., 2000
- The revival of right-wing extremism in the nineties / Peter Merkl., 1997
- Shadows over Europe : the development and impact of the extreme right in Western Europe / Martin Schain., 2002
- Western democracies and the new extreme right challenge / Roger Eatwell., 2004
- The voice of modern hatred : encounters with Europe's new right / Nicholas Fraser., 2000
- Extreme right activists in Europe : through the magnifying glass / Bert Klandermans., 2006
- Preachers of hate : the rise of the far right / Angus Roxburgh., 2002
- Movements of exclusion : radical right-wing populism in the Western world / Jens Rydgren., 2005
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